查看“U-Boot - How to debug”的源代码

== Debug with console ==
跟踪和错误在设备树的'''chosen''' 节点中通过 '''stdout-path''' 字段定义的控制台上可用，例如在serial0 = uart4上：

  chosen {
  	stdout-path = " {{Highlight|serial0}}:115200n8";
  };
  aliases {
  	{{Highlight|serial0}} = &{{Highlight|uart4}};
  };

默认情况下，U-Boot使用的宏 (debug(), pr_debug()...)不打印任何跟踪；要激活特定文件上的调试跟踪，需要启用 '''DEBUG''' 编译标志并更改文件的LOGLEVEL：
* 在<file>.c文件包含任何之前定义调试  
  #define DEBUG
  #undef CONFIG_LOGLEVEL
  #define CONFIG_LOGLEVEL 8

* 使用 Makefile
  CFLAGS_<file>.o+= -DDEBUG -DCONFIG_LOGLEVEL=8

如果在配置控制台之前（在执行U-Boot的第一阶段）U-Boot失败，则跟踪不可用。

在这种情况下，您需要：
* 用GDB调试 (请参阅下一章)
或,
* 激活调试UART功能：
** 在[[U-Boot_overview#U-Boot_configuration|U-Boot configuration]]的defconfig中添加
*** {{Highlight|CONFIG_DEBUG_UART}}
*** {{Highlight|CONFIG_DEBUG_UART_STM32}}
** adpat 这个函数 {{Highlight|board_debug_uart_init()}}: 在通过U-Boot驱动程序初始化之前配置所需的资源 (pad, clock)。<br/>此功能需要针对您的主板进行调整。

== Debug with GDB ==

With OpenSTLinux,  you can directly use GDB script Setup.gdb:
* [[GDB#U-Boot_execution_phase]]
* [[GDB#U-Boot_boot_case]]

Or for manual GDB connection, you need to:
# get the [[U-Boot_overview#Output_files|elf files]] for U-Boot and/or SPL<br/>(u-boot and u-boot-spl available in the build directory)
# connect [[GDB]] to the target
# '''reset with attach''' the target with the gdb {{Highlight|"monitor reset halt"}} command:<br/>execution is stopped in ROM code or at the beginning of FSBL execution.
# load the symbols of the binary to be debugged with commands available in next chapter:<br/>[[#Load U-Boot symbol]], [[#Load SPL symbol]],  [[#Load SPL code and debug]]
# start execution with the {{Highlight|"continue"}} command

=== Load U-Boot symbol ===

With [[U-Boot_overview#U-Boot_phases|U-Boot relocation]], symbols are more difficult to load.

See https://www.denx.de/wiki/DULG/DebuggingUBoot

If you connect GDB on running target, you can load the debug symbols:

* Before relocation with {{Highlight|"symbol-file"}} command:
  {{GDB$}} {{Highlight|symbol-file u-boot}}

* After relocation with {{Highlight|"add-symbol-file"}} command to relocate the symbol with the code offset = gd->relocaddr:
  {{GDB$}} symbol-file u-boot                            {{Highlight|--> only for "gd_t" definition}}
  {{GDB$}} set $offset = ((gd_t *)$r9)->relocaddr        {{Highlight|--> get relocation offset}}
  {{GDB$}} symbol-file                                   {{Highlight|--> clear previous symbol }}
  {{GDB$}} {{Highlight|add-symbol-file u-boot $offset}}

The following GDB example script automatically loads the U-Boot symbol before and after relocation for a programmed board, after {{Highlight|"monitor reset halt"}} command:

  {{GDB$}} thbreak *0xC0100000
  {{GDB$}} commands
  > symbol-file u-boot
  > thbreak relocate_code
  > commands
    > print "RELOCATE U-Boot..."
    > set $offset = ((gd_t *)$r9)->relocaddr
    > print $offset
    > symbol-file
    > add-symbol-file u-boot $offset
    > thbreak boot_jump_linux
    > continue
    > end
  > continue
  > end

This script uses a temporary hardware breakpoint {{Highlight|"thbreak"}} to load the symbol when U-Boot code is loaded in DDR by FSBL = TF-A or SPL at the U-Boot entry point (CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE = 0xC0100000).

It allows the symbol to be loaded only when code is executed to avoid DDR access before DDR initialization.

=== Load SPL symbol ===

To debug SPL with GDB on a Flashed device, ROM code loads the binary and the GDB script just loads the SPL symbols:

  {{GDB$}} symbol-file u-boot-spl

=== Load SPL code and debug ===

Sometimes you need to debug SPL execution on an unprogrammed target (for example for board bring-up), so you can use GDB to load the SPL code in embedded RAM and execute it.

When execution is stopped in ROM code, you need to execute the {{Highlight|"load"}} commands, depending on the compilation flags defined in [[U-Boot_overview#Device_tree|U-Boot device tree]] to load the SPL code and the associated device tree:

* CONFIG_OF_SEPARATE = dtb appended at the end of the code, not present in the elf file (default configuration)

  {{GDB$}} file u-boot-spl
  {{GDB$}} load
  {{GDB$}} set $dtb =  __bss_end
  {{GDB$}} restore spl/dt.dtb binary $dtb

* CONFIG_OF_EMBED = dtb embedded in the elf file (debug configuration)

  {{GDB$}} file u-boot-spl
  {{GDB$}} load

=== Debug the first SPL instructions ===

Sometime the SPL code execution is stopped by the gdb command "monitor reset halt"  after the first instructions.

To debug this part, you can modify the code: add a infinite loop in SPL code to wait the gdb connection.

For example in {{CodeSource | U-Boot | arch/arm/mach-stm32mp/spl.c}} :

<syntaxhighlight lang="c">
void board_init_f(ulong dummy)
{
	struct udevice *dev;
	int ret;

	/* volatile is needed to avoid gcc optimization */
	volatile int stop = 0;
	/* infinite debug loop */
	while ( !stop ) ;

	arch_cpu_init();
</syntaxhighlight>

when gdb is attached and the SPL symbols are loaded, the infinite loop is interrupted by :

  {{GDB$}} set var stop=1

And you can debug the SPL first instruction by gdb commands.

<noinclude>
[[Category:U-Boot]]
[[Category:Tracing tools]]
[[Category:Debugging tools]]
{{PublicationRequestId | 12894 | 2019-08-01}}
</noinclude>